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Abortion, Civil Rights, Healthcare and other Social Issues Abortion, Civil Rights, Homosexuality, Education, Healthcare and other such issues

View Poll Results: Which position best describes your view of abortion and the law?
Abortion should be legal, without any specific restrictions. 19 20.43%
Abortion should be legal, but subject to some restriction(s). 50 53.76%
Abortion should be banned, but subject to exceptions. 10 10.75%
Abortion should be banned, with the sole exception of when the life of the mother is in jeopardy. 14 15.05%
Voters: 93. You may not vote on this poll

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  #556 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

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Originally Posted by drgoodtrips View Post
At this point, I have to give a nod to Pale Rider who, though I disagree with many of his arguments, I seem to recall never makes silly arguments about abortion based on the Bible.
I don't base my arguments on the Bible, but am enough of a Bible scholar to adequately disect the "silly" biblical arguments made by others who try to support abortion via the Bible.
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  #557 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
Maybe you should take some time to learn what that verse means which would mean spending some time with the Torah which is where the verse comes from. There is no mention of killing a child there, or loss of property. The pro choice side of this issue has been using various bastardized translations in order to make the case that in the Bible, unborns are nothing more than property.

A typical bastardized translation reads something like this:

If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured in a fight between two men and she miscarries as a result, the man who injured her is responsible for monetary compensation as a penalty. (Exodus 21:22)


You are so unaware of the nature of the argument that you have used a non bastardized translation and in doing so, defeated your own argument.

The verse you give:

"If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine"

There is nothing here suggesting that the child has died. There are numerous translations that attempt to be true to the words as they are written in the Torah. Among them are:

in the King James Version, (yours) the verse reads:

22If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.

In the New American Standard Bible, (a respectable translation) the verse reads:

22"If men struggle with each other and strike a woman with child so that she gives birth prematurely, yet there is no injury, he shall surely be fined as the woman's husband may demand of him, and he shall (A)pay as the judges decide.

In Young's Literal Translation, the verse reads:

22`And when men strive, and have smitten a pregnant woman, and her children have come out, and there is no mischief, he is certainly fined, as the husband of the woman doth lay upon him, and he hath given through the judges;

In Darby's Translation, the verse reads:

22And if men strive together, and strike a woman with child, so that she be delivered, and no mischief happen, he shall in any case be fined, according as the woman's husband shall impose on him, and shall give it as the judges estimate.

In the Holman Christian Standard Bible, the verse reads:

22 "When men get in a fight, and hit a pregnant woman so that her children are born [prematurely], [a] but there is no injury, the one who hit her must be fined as the woman's husband demands (A) from him, and he must pay according to judicial assessment.

If you actually looked at the Torah, you would find that the phrase actually reads "reads w˚yase û ye ladêhâ". In Hebrew, the literal translation is "the child comes forth".

The verb yase is used over 1,000 times in the Torah but isn't translated to mean miscarriage, or death in a single instance. Why then, would you assume that in this instance, the Bible is referring to a dead child? Now the word mischief, on the other hand is translated often to mean death or disabling injury.

The verse is saying that if the child is born prematurely but does not die, the man who hit her will pay damages to the husband of the woman because it will cost him more to care for a premature. or disabled child than it would to care for a full term child.

The penalties for killing the child are covered under the penalties for any sort of killing.

You really need another argument. So far, you are trying to redefine what human beings are and now you are trying to rewrite the Bible in order to make it work. Why don't you work on one in which you don't have to write new dictionaries, or Bibles.
I'm duly impressed - you seem to be in command of all of the canned talking points from the Bible and you still don't use them. However, even accepting at face value what you've said (and not what it implies) your own citations don't support your argument, even as you ironically accuse me of the same.

You say that "the child comes forth" doesn't mean that the child has died, but it also doesn't mean that the child has lived. It's ambiguous. Whether or not it "comes forth" and lives in other portions of the Bible is immaterial, even if we assume no changes in colloquialisms or translation over the last, oh, 3000 years. And, in how many other cases would this translation even be relevant. The only person making leaps of inference here is you - my argument is unaltered even if this does apply to premature birth as well. If you hit a woman and she miscarries, then you pay a fine. If you hit a woman and she gives birth prematurely, you pay a fine. Both of these are the way it go, should no further "mischief" befall the woman, which leads to my next point.

I noticed that you avoid talking about the "mischief" and to whom it refers. That's probably wise, since that is also completely ambiguous and there is nothing to suggest that the "mischief" doesn't refer to the woman. Since being born prematurely is "mischief" by definition, a reference to the woman makes a lot more sense.

Generally, your argument is that the child's death is not specifically mentioned, so therefore it can't be considered. My argument is that it's irrelevant whether the child lives or dies since both child and wife are clearly considered property of the man (as an aside, we could probably both agree that this is one of the main problems with interpreting 3000 year old folk law from halfway around the world as relevant to modern American society). In no case does this make any kind of strong argument against abortion at all. You couldn't possibly argue that (particularly because it refers to involuntary actions of a third party). But it does cast woman and unborn child as property of the husband.
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  #558 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

Quote:
Originally Posted by drgoodtrips View Post
You say that "the child comes forth" doesn't mean that the child has died, but it also doesn't mean that the child has lived. It's ambiguous.
Familiarize yourself with the Torah. Children are "coming forth" all the time. In fact, you and I came forth. When a child is delivered dead, the Bible says that it was dead.

Quote:
Originally Posted by drgoodtrips View Post
If you hit a woman and she miscarries, then you pay a fine. If you hit a woman and she gives birth prematurely, you pay a fine. Both of these are the way it go, should no further "mischief" befall the woman, which leads to my next point.
Sorry guy, but miscarry infers a dead child and if you kill a child, you have killed and there is an all together different punishment for killing.

Quote:
Originally Posted by drgoodtrips View Post
I noticed that you avoid talking about the "mischief" and to whom it refers. That's probably wise, since that is also completely ambiguous and there is nothing to suggest that the "mischief" doesn't refer to the woman. Since being born prematurely is "mischief" by definition, a reference to the woman makes a lot more sense.
Ambiguous to one who is unfamilar with the language I suppose. Of course, you have also claimed that Black's Legal Dictionary isn't up to snuff either. Seems that you discount anything that doesn't agree with the points you are so obviously unable to substantiate.

The mischief clearly speaks to a pre mature child being born but not dying. If the child is born and dies, then the man who caused the miscarriage is guilty of murder or if the woman dies, the man who caused it is guilty of murder or if both die, the man is guilty of two murders.

None of this, of course, amounts to a hill of beans because we don't refer to the Torah or the Bible for our laws. Today, if you hit a woman and kill the child, you will be charged for criminal homicide (murder or manslaughter), even if you didn't know that she was pregnant. If you kill a woman who is pregnant, and the child dies also, you will be charged for two counts of criminal homicide.

Oddly enough, in this country, you can't even be charged for criminal homicide of any sort, much less tried and convicted unless you have, in fact, killed a person. There is a rather large, and growing body of legal precedent for the personhood of the unborn aside from what Black's Law Dictionary says.
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  #559 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

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Originally Posted by Swoop187 View Post
I see the world for what it is and you "pitty" me, thats pretty astounding. Why you pitty me for? dont know me do ya?
What I said was that I was more given toward pity in terms of watching you try to make arguments. However, after reading what you posted below, I can honestly say that I pity you.


Quote:
You sir have folded into a political system.. The only questions you ask are the ones your told to ask..

You think choosing who to help because of skin color or whatever will make you a better person?

Why dont you try helping people who need help?

I'm not well to do and most likely have less money then you so give me some money fucker....why not?

I'm 28 years old and I passed the college entry test or whatever the shit is and was accpted at community college but the catch is Im not black so I dont get student aid ...

However Fox news isnt fair and balanced.......

Why?

libralism caused it so keep it shut homie...
To paraphrase you: I have less than you, so you should give me some money

To quote Karl Marx: "From each according to ability to each according to need".

But, I don't pity you because your outlook is identical to that the father of Socialism. It's just an interesting backdrop for the sadness and irony of what's happening here. You espouse liberal and socialist policies, liberals enact policies that are in your best interests, and you hate them. As a matter of fact, you should be tripping over yourself to vote for Obama who has proposed scaling back "affirmative action" for minorities, and instead wants to replace it with "affirmative action" for poor people, regardless of race, creed, or color. He talked about how his daughters shouldn't get extra consideration in applying for college since they come from a wealthy background. He is your friend and would help you the most, and yet you sit there and whine about him and call him "Osama." But, that's not why I pity you either. Lots of people vote against their own best interests without realizing it.

The interesting thing here is that you aspire to be a "conservative", presumably because you associate conservatives with guns or blowing up brown people or toughness or something. But, any conservative worth his salt will tell you that he doesn't approve of entitlement programs. That is, he doesn't think I should have to "give [you] money fucker" simply because I have it and you don't. He doesn't think I should have to give it to minorities or to whites. You, on the other hand, don't think it's bad for me to be relieved of my money simply because I have more of it - it just pisses you off that you're not the one sucking at the government teat because you've been elbowed out of the way by one of the other, stronger kittens.

Your whole outlook reeks of self-righteous entitlement. You can't get good work because Mexicans will work harder than you for less money, and that's not fair. You can't go to college because all of the government freebies are going to black people instead of you, and it's not fair. Where's your handout? When is someone going to realize that you need to get something for doing nothing as much as anyone else? Where's your winning lottery ticket or multi-million dollar lawsuit over hot coffee? Where's your disability check? Where's your welfare? But, the fact that the government isn't giving you something for simply existing is not why I pity you.

I'm also white and I also couldn't afford college on my own. So, I worked my ass off and earned scholarship for school to get my undergraduate. Now, I'm getting a graduate degree by working 50 hours a week, including travel, and paying for night school while I do it. So, you're not going to find any sympathy from me that big mama gubbermint is to blame because you aren't getting free college. If I hadn't gotten the scholarships that I wanted, I was going to join the ROTC, which means military service in exchange for a college education. I'm sure you can find plenty of people on this board who had their college paid for in exchange for military service. I doubt you'll get any sympathy for your lack of freebies from them. If I didn't get into the ROTC for some reason, I would have taken out loans and paid them off after graduation. I'm sure you could find plenty of people here who did that who also wouldn't pity you as a poor oppressed white man.

But doing all of that is hard and requires dedication. Whining about blacks, Mexicans and liberals is easy and requires nothing. And that is why I pity you. You believe that the world owes you something simply because you exist. At least wealthy liberals that espouse socialism do so out of some misguided social conscience - you support it simply because you don't want to work too hard, but you still want money, and those who have worked hard should give it to you. I pity this outlook because it leads to a life of scapegoating, bitterness and lack of fulfillment. And, even if you do smell the coffee one day and realize that the only person to blame is yourself because you've waited around with your hand out all your life, you'll likely be too old to do anything about it, and that is sad. There is nothing, in my mind, more pitiable than someone who doesn't realize that the world isn't fair and that you have to make your own luck through hard work, dedication, and perseverance. I don't sympathize or empathize with you. But, I do pity you.

I realize that this is all far afield, so I'll consider my point of view expressed, and that I've said my piece. If you want to respond and have me respond again, start a new thread or something. You can call it "Why I deserve the handouts that other people are getting" or something.
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  #560 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
Familiarize yourself with the Torah. Children are "coming forth" all the time. In fact, you and I came forth. When a child is delivered dead, the Bible says that it was dead.
So, what do dead children do, get sucked into the netherworld without ever leaving the woman?

Quote:
Sorry guy, but miscarry infers a dead child and if you kill a child, you have killed and there is an all together different punishment for killing.
I see no indication that this is relevant to what I wrote - it appears to be a strawman.


Quote:
Ambiguous to one who is unfamilar with the language I suppose. Of course, you have also claimed that Black's Legal Dictionary isn't up to snuff either. Seems that you discount anything that doesn't agree with the points you are so obviously unable to substantiate.
More stramwan arguments.

Quote:
The mischief clearly speaks to a pre mature child being born but not dying. If the child is born and dies, then the man who caused the miscarriage is guilty of murder or if the woman dies, the man who caused it is guilty of murder or if both die, the man is guilty of two murders.
Sweet... finally some substance

Er, well, maybe not. You're just repeating your previous post without addressing anything I said in response (except with vague ad hominems about me needing to read more). I'd honestly be interested (not rhetorically, but seriously) in any linguistic or contextual support you might add to suggest that the "mischief" necessarily refers to the woman or that a child, in the Bible, cannot emerge dead form the womb and be referred to as "going forth". If you are correct in your assessment that I need to "read more" and this isn't just obfuscation on your part, you should be able to present things that I haven't read and convince me.

Quote:
None of this, of course, amounts to a hill of beans because we don't refer to the Torah or the Bible for our laws. Today, if you hit a woman and kill the child, you will be charged for criminal homicide (murder or manslaughter), even if you didn't know that she was pregnant. If you kill a woman who is pregnant, and the child dies also, you will be charged for two counts of criminal homicide.

Oddly enough, in this country, you can't even be charged for criminal homicide of any sort, much less tried and convicted unless you have, in fact, killed a person. There is a rather large, and growing body of legal precedent for the personhood of the unborn aside from what Black's Law Dictionary says.
Well, I won't speak to the "personhood" of fetuses, but I do agree with you on the Bible's take not amounting to a hill of beans. That was a point I made earlier - our knowledge of anatomy is more specific, and, in many cases, our prescription for handling justice as it relates to fetuses is already more stringent than the Bible.
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  #561 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
Yes I am because every child under 12 months is recognized as a human being although they are not self aware. Even children born so retarded that they will never become self aware are considered to be human beings. Arguing that one must be self aware in order to be a human being when there are literaly millions upon millions who are not self aware but are considered to be human beings strikes me as... well, never mind what it strikes me as. Suffice it to say that it is a very weak argument.
Take away self-consciousness and higher intelligence and what significant differences remain to distinguish us from animals?

That's easy: none. So the definition of human being that you claim is adequate to resolving the abortion debate is one which entirely neglects the primary characteristics that set human beings apart from lower forms of life, and IMO that is absurd.

As for those lacking self-consciousness/higher intelligence and the implications that adopting the definition I am suggesting would present, that could very easily be addressed with a constitutional amendment, and there is no state that would fail to quickly ratify such an amendment.




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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
THe fact is that the definition is what it is and has been since Black's was first published. The pro choice side of this issue has been trying since roe to redefine what a human being is and have, as of today, not yet succeeded.
But we do have the existing precedent, and in light of the inadequacies surrounding how "human being" and "person" are defined, I would say that it is entirely appropriate.

BTW, re the claim that the US Constitution does not grant a right to privacy, I would say that the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure implies just such a right.




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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
As I have pointed out numerous times now, the courts have said that there is an indisputable difference betweeen killing a healthy individual and letting one die who is so sick or injured that no hope of recovery exists.
But if the parents of a healthy child were to allow it to die, that would be murder or negligent homicide, correct?

So the courts do take into consideration such things as brain function, and merely being a human being isn't necessarily the overriding fact upon which a dertermination is made, correct?




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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
Do you believe that we would have to, for some reason, call aliens human beings? Do you believe that they would even want to be called persons?
To the contrary, we would have to modify Black's definition of "person" so that it would apply to nonhuman beings.




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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
I invite you to refer to a medical dictionary, or a scientific dictionary, or any old dictionary and look up human being. If my argument required that I must redefine members of a species in order to even get it off the ground, I would start working on a new argument.
Again, any definition of human being that neglects to mention the primary characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life strikes me as absurdly inadequate.




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Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
Because your skin is human skin. Your kidneys are human kidneys. In fact, any human tissue could be classified as human whereas a zygote is an individual member of the species. It is not simply human tissue, it is a separate individual. This is elementary developmental biology. Are you seriously telling me that you are not aware of these facts?
A zygote is nevertheless subhuman if we take into account those characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life.




Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
You can say anything you like. All that matters, however, is what you can substantiate.

And one who is self conscious has merely manifested more of his or her potential than one who has not. They are not different creatures because one has realized his or her potential to a greater degree. On a philosophical level, your argument falls apart as well.
If you take away self-consciousness and higher intelligence, what is there that sets us apart from lower forms of life?




Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
And exactly what does your positon rest on? A meeting with aliens? Rewriting a legal dicitonary that has been in use, and accepted for over 100 years?

My position has been substantiated while yours has not and never will be.
It rests on the premise that any definition of human being that neglects to mention the characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life is deficient with respect to making legal determinations.

BTW, I wouldn't go tooting your horn until the existing precedent is overturned.




Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
A scathing indictment because it doesn't agree with you? You believe the definition is deficient because you don't agree with it? Why not simply wake up and realize that your position is indefensible and you really would have to redefine the whole species in order to make a rational argument.
Redefine the species?

Are you really going to assert that self-consciousness and higher intelligence aren't the hallmarks of the human species?




Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
I have already explained it. A zygote is an individual member of the species and not just so much human tissue.

Yes. Why do you believe the medical texts identify them as human beings rather than human?

any individual of the genus Homo, esp. a member of the species Homo sapiens

Since it is the definition, why would you want to use another definition in a court of law? It makes no sense. Suppose in your buisness transactions you bought a horse and had reason to sue and you get to court and find out that the court doesn't consider your horse to be a horse?

Human beings are what they are. Human being is a scientific term that wouldn't be found in a legal dictionary. Person is a legal term, used in legal writings and pleadings to describe a human being.
Again, it strikes me as very, very odd that any court would use a definition of human being that failed to note the primary characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life.




Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
I asked you where it stated that they weren't? Zygotes are, however human beings. I have substantiated that argument and you have yet to provide any credible material to rebutt it and in the eyes of the law, human being and person are interchangable terms which I have also substantiated. So far, I have not made a point that I am unable to substantiate while you have not made a point that you can substantiate. This isn't going well for you.
And given the fact that blacks and women didn't receive full constitutional recognition until the constitution was amended, it's an absurd question to ask.

If blacks and women required passage of constitutional amendments before they were granted constitutional recognition, how is it that unborn humans don't?
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  #562 (permalink)  
Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

Quote:
Originally Posted by PaleRider View Post
A brain is simply a body part that (most) human beings get once they reach a certain level of development. Those who fail to develop a brain, or a complete brain are not less human than those who do. Those who don't aren't part of some subspecies, they are simply human beings with a defect.

Practically every creature above the insects and jellyfish have brains and yet, none of them are human beings. Having a brain can not make a human being out of a cow. Even if the cow was self aware, and could talk, it would still be a cow. A very special cow, but a cow none the less.

Human being is a mundane (do you understand mundane) word a creature with the following taxonomy: Animalia - Metazoa - Chordata - Vertebrata - Tetrapoda - Mammalia - Theria - Eutheria - Primates - Anthropoidea - Catarrhini - Hominoidea - Hominidae - Homininae - Hominini - Homo - sapiens - sapiens. A zygote is just as much a member of that group as anyone else and belonging to that group is what makes us a human being.

If your argument held any water, then those with very high IQs would be more human than those with average IQs. Clearly, that is not the case. Those with higher IQs have merely manifested more of their potential than the rest.
No. Your brain makes you who you are. That's why if you lose a brain you can't replace it. You can't simply get a brain transplant just like you would with a heart or another organ. If brain transplants were possible do you think you would actually be you once the transplant was complete? No, I doubt it. That particular brain belonged to another person completely and so YOU will be a different person completely. The brain is what makes you who you are. That's why under my definition the brain is what makes a human human. You can argue as much as you like that your definition of a human is better, but that's your opinion. It's not fact.
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Old 09-04-2008
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Re: One last abortion poll (Now with more options!)

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
Take away self-consciousness and higher intelligence and what significant differences remain to distinguish us from animals?
We are animals.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
That's easy: none. So the definition of human being that you claim is adequate to resolving the abortion debate is one which entirely neglects the primary characteristics that set human beings apart from lower forms of life, and IMO that is absurd.
The primary characteristic of normal human beings is 46 chromosomes (+_ 1 for certain genetic abnormalities). Not speech, not self awareness, not any physical characteristic. All physical and mental characteristics arise from the primary characteristic.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
As for those lacking self-consciousness/higher intelligence and the implications that adopting the definition I am suggesting would present, that could very easily be addressed with a constitutional amendment, and there is no state that would fail to quickly ratify such an amendment.
It has already been addressed. They are human beings.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
But we do have the existing precedent, and in light of the inadequacies surrounding how "human being" and "person" are defined, I would say that it is entirely appropriate.
There are no inadequacies in the definition of human being and person. The fact that the accepted definitions crush your argument reflects on the quality of your argument, not a problem with the definitions.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
BTW, re the claim that the US Constitution does not grant a right to privacy, I would say that the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure implies just such a right.
Do you believe the right to unreasonable search and siezure grants you the right to kill another individual so long as you do it in private?

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
But if the parents of a healthy child were to allow it to die, that would be murder or negligent homicide, correct?
Did I not make it clear that there is a difference between killing a healthy individual and letting one who is so sick or injured that no hope of recovery exists die? That doesn't seem such a difficult concept to me. Which part are you having problems with. Clearly, if parents neglect a healthy child to the point that it dies, they have killed it and such a situation has nothing to do with letting a sick or injured individual die.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
So the courts do take into consideration such things as brain function, and merely being a human being isn't necessarily the overriding fact upon which a dertermination is made, correct?
Actually, what the courts take into consideration is the chance of recovery if the individual is sick or injured. The brain function, or lack thereof, is no more than a symptom. If a reasonable hope of recovery exists, then the present level of brain function even if it is minimal is not a valid reason to pull the plug.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
To the contrary, we would have to modify Black's definition of "person" so that it would apply to nonhuman beings.
Why? Is there some law that would prevent you from doing business with non persons? If there is, I am not aware of it. If the ailens come, we will probably call them whatever they want us to call them.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
Again, any definition of human being that neglects to mention the primary characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life strikes me as absurdly inadequate.
Again, the primary characteristic of human beings is 46 chromosomes. All other characteristics arise from, that is, they are secondary to the primary characteristic. Limiting yourself to only what you can look at puts you in a very small box.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
A zygote is nevertheless subhuman if we take into account those characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life.
A zygote has 46 chromosomes. Therefore, it has the primary characteristics of a human being. All secondary characteristics will come with maturity. Suggesting that it is fine to kill a human being before it matures to a certain level is barbaric. Why not say we can kill all children before they get their 6 year molars, or before the growth plates in their bones harden? The logic is the same.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
If you take away self-consciousness and higher intelligence, what is there that sets us apart from lower forms of life?
Why do we need to be set apart? It is self evident that we are what we are.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
It rests on the premise that any definition of human being that neglects to mention the characteristics that set us apart from lower forms of life is deficient with respect to making legal determinations.
The fact that we have 46 chromosomes set us apart from all other life forms on the planet.

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
Redefine the species?
Are you not arguing that unborns are some sub species who at some point will undergo a radical change in their essential nature and become human beings?

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Originally Posted by Pogo View Post
Are you really going to assert that self-consciousness and higher intelligence aren't the hallmarks of the human species?
46 chromosomes are the hallmark of the human species. All other characteristics are a result of having 46 chromosomes.

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Originally Posted by Pogo