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  #1 (permalink)  
Old 09-21-2009
ThorHammer's Avatar
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Burgermeister Meisterburger

 
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Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Almost 100 years after the fact we find Europe still having to deal with the legacy of WW1. IMO, a grave injustice was done to the Hungarian people after that war by not allowing them the right of self-determination as outlined by Pres. Wilson's 14-points. Still, I believe this issue will be resolved through peaceful measures. I seriously doubt we will see any major violence erupt in this region.

Language Wars: Frustrations Grow Among Slovakia's Hungarian Minority - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News - International

Quote:
Frustrations Grow Among Slovakia's Hungarian Minority
By Jan Puhl

The Slavic majority and Hungarian minority in Slovakia are embroiled in a bitter dispute over language that is spilling across the border. Nowhere in the European Union are relations worse between neighbors than those between Bratislava and Budapest.

The Hungarian high school in Komarno, Slovakia is the picture of bourgeois solidity. Its facade is 101 years old and typifies the colossal architectural style typical of the late Austro-Hungarian Empire. The building is a haven of classical education and an elite training center for the children of the upper classes in the town of 40,000 inhabitants situated at the confluence of the Danube and Vah rivers.

To mark the start of the new school year, the pupils are wearing white shirts and a blue tie emblazoned with the school crest. And today they also intend to break the law.

Some 600 boys and girls walk two abreast onto the basketball court to the strains of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy." A senior reads a poem in Hungarian about the beauty of the surroundings. The school principal then addresses the pupils in Hungarian, and he is followed by the principal of a partner school in Hungary, who also speaks in Hungarian.

After half an hour standing in the sun, the pupil's shirts are sweated through, but not a single Slovakian word has been uttered. And that is apparently now illegal.

According to legislation passed in Bratislava that came into effect on Sept. 1, the Slovakian language must have precedence in public -- on billboards, in official declarations and on monuments. The pupils and teachers of Janos Selye High School consider that a restriction of their liberty, and that is why they have decided to use only their mother tongue today.

'Unshakeably Loyal to Your Motherland'

At the close of the ceremony, the music blaring out of the loudspeakers is not the Slovakian national anthem but the "Szozat," a patriotic Hungarian song from the 19th century. One of the lines of the song is "Oh Hungarian, be unshakably loyal to your motherland."

More than half a million ethnic Hungarians live in southern Slovakia. Nationwide, they account for almost 10 percent of the population. In Komarno -- the Slovak half of the Hungarian town of Komarom cut in two after World War I -- ethnic Hungarians are even in the majority.

Apart from a few scuffles between soccer hooligans, the Slavs and Magyars -- that is, ethnic Hungarians -- have lived side-by-side in relative peace up to now, as they have more-or-less throughout history. There have been occasional flare-ups over sovereignty of the Carpathian Basin, but the Slovaks and Hungarians have not engaged in any bloody ethnic cleansing in recent times -- a veritable anomaly in multiethnic Eastern Europe. And yet fully five years after Hungary and Slovakia joined the European Union, Bratislava and Budapest suddenly find themselves squabbling over the ethnic Hungarian minority.

The Slovaks are driven by fears of age-old Hungarian megalomania. Not without reason: Their country was known as Upper Hungary and ruled by the Hungarian monarchy for almost a thousand years. "Hungarians keep insisting that southern Slovakia is their territory," says Slovakian President Ivan Gasparovic.

For their part, ethnic Hungarians are frustrated at being a minority in the small Carpathian state. Hungarian President Laszlo Solyom calls Slovakia's new language law "a breach of multilateral agreements" that degrades Hungarian and demotes it to a "kitchen language." Although Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico and his Hungarian counterpart, Gordon Bajnai, sought to calm the waters at a summit last Thursday, the fact remains that relations between Bratislava and Budapest are worse than those between any other neighboring countries in the EU.

Diplomatic Crisis

One of the guests of honor at the high school is Mayor Tibor Bastrnak. He is also an ethnic Hungarian. Bastrnak recently sparked a relatively major diplomatic crisis when he erected a monument on the town's main road. The monument is topped by a statue of Hungarian national hero Stephen I on horseback and in imperial pose. The guest list for the unveiling ceremony included Hungarian President Laszlo Solyom, but not Gasparovic, the Slovak head of state.

In a tit-for-tat move, the piqued Slovakian government refused to allow Solyom to cross the bridge over the Danube that marks the border separating the divided town and the two countries. After all, Stephen I (969-1038) is seen as not only the founder of the Hungarian empire but also the conqueror of Great Moravia, the entity nationally conscious Slovaks consider the medieval precursor to modern-day Slovakia.

Mayor Bastrnak attempts to defuse the tension. "Slovaks can be proud of Stephen, too," he says graciously. Hadn't King Steven, he asks, expressly wanted "many languages to be spoken in his kingdom"?

Just in case local ethnic Slovaks think otherwise, Bastrnak has taken the precaution of posting a squad car next to the statue, which is now guarded by two police officers around the clock.

The mayor chairs a municipal council in which the ratio of ethnic Hungarians to ethnic Slovaks is 23:2. Hungarians also dominate the public spaces in the beautifully restored old town, which is packed with monuments to Hungarian heroes. Freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth has a plaque next to the town hall just because he spent the night of November 6, 1848 in Komarno.

National Symbols and Monuments

Bastrnak doesn't think he and the other ethnic Hungarians are being oppressed in Slovakia. He says most sections of the controversial new language law only apply in areas in which ethnic Hungarians make up less than 20 percent of the population, and official forms and inscriptions are always bilingual anyway. Nevertheless, he thinks the language law has had a devastating psychological effect. "It gives the impression that we now have to assimilate," he says. And he blames Slovak nationalists for the worsening relations.

Bastrnak has a point. Jan Slota, the founder and head of the Slovak National Party (SNS), has gained political capital for years with anti-Hungarian rhetoric. The SNS is part of the governing coalition, and the language law was enacted to appease him.

The Hungarians aren't alone in having national symbols; the Slovaks also cherish theirs. A few hundred yards from the stone statue of Stephen, a bronze twin-bar cross points up into the sky. The distinctive cross erected in 2003 above the entrance to the Matica Slovenska, a global Slavic cultural institute, is one of the five national symbols of Slovakia and associated with Saints Cyril and Methodius -- medieval missionaries and national heroes credited with bringing Christianity to the Slavs.

Josef Cernek heads the office in Komarno. But the 31-year-old businessman is anything but a fervent nationalist. "The language law is completely superfluous and creates unnecessary concern," he says. Cernek even admits he envies his ethnic Hungarian compatriots for their "strong feelings of cohesion and great pride in their culture."

Playing the National Card

Cernek organizes concerts and poetry readings and is keen to show Hungarians that "the Slovaks also have something to offer." He's less worried about the flood of Hungarian monuments in his town than the fact that Hungarian politicians are trying to play the national card. "Because they don't have a solution to the crisis, they claim Slovakia is doing minority Hungarians an injustice," Cernek says. That, he believes, could have serious consequences.

Former Slovakian Deputy Prime Minister Pal Csaky, the leader of the Party of the Hungarian Coalition, wants to raise the issue of the alleged discrimination against ethnic Hungarians before the US Congress. And Hungary's opposition leader, former Prime Minister Viktor Orban, promises to represent the interests of "all Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin" if his party wins next year's election. That would include not only ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia, but also the larger groups living in Romania, Serbia and Croatia. Orban's party believes the plight of all Europe's minorities could be solved by adopting the Kosovo model.

The Magyars have been scattered across a number of eastern European countries ever since Hungary was chopped up by the 1920 Treaty of Trianon imposed by the victorious Allies after World War I and the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The treaty slashed Hungary's sovereign territory from 282,870 square kilometers to 92,963, and cut the domestic population from 18.3 million to just 7.6 million.

'We Are Repressed'

Another world war later and after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and Hungary's return to a democratic Europe, many ethnic Hungarians are still suffering from the after-effects of this dispersal. Peter Korpas is one such example. The slim 39-year-old studied protestant theology in Budapest, and worked as a pastor for a few years. When he could no longer satisfy the needs of both his family and his congregation, he quit the church and began selling PVC flooring. He speaks Slovakian with a very strong accent.

Korpas doesn't feel comfortable in Komarno. "We are repressed," he says -- even though the borders are now open and he could wander across the bridge into Hungary and back again whenever he wants. "It's just not our state," Korpas insists, adding that his Hungarian grandfather was expropriated after the war. "What became of the land?" he asks. "I never got it back."

Korpas has formed a citizens' action group. He's had silver rings made and engraved "1920, Trianon." He sells them for 8,000 Hungarian forints (about €30 or $44) each. Korpas says he's already sold 400 of his rings. In another 18 months, he reckons he'll have enough money to set up a monument to commemorate what he considers the disgrace of 1920. And he plans to erect it in Komarno -- that is, on Slovakian territory. "The monument will remind Hungarians that we will never accept Trianon," Korpas says defiantly.

If he does, he'll probably trigger yet another monumental row.
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  #2 (permalink)  
Old 09-21-2009
Voland's Avatar
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by ThorHammer View Post
Almost 100 years after the fact we find Europe still having to deal with the legacy of WW1. IMO, a grave injustice was done to the Hungarian people after that war by not allowing them the right of self-determination as outlined by Pres. Wilson's 14-points. Still, I believe this issue will be resolved through peaceful measures. I seriously doubt we will see any major violence erupt in this region.

Language Wars: Frustrations Grow Among Slovakia's Hungarian Minority - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News - International


Many peoples right for self determination was ignored by the victorious Allies in Versailles, creating problems for decades to come, I´d for example also include the Germans of upper Silesia, Alsace , Lorraine and the Sudeten region ( providing the Nazis with an excellent propaganda tool), or the ethnically extremely split state of Yugoslawia ( whose political survival was mildly put, questionable from the beginning, because it included countless minorities that were not asked to be part of it)
Regarding Slovakia and Hungary violence except maybe on the local level is out of the question though. Both nations are EU members and Brussels has tools to force them to work out their issues at the conference table, if they don´t do so out of economic pragmatism and realpolitik. Also Slowaks and Hungarians may be fighting over cultural issues but they are far from having a history of violence like for example Serbs and Croats.
This will boil down again sooner or later because both nations have more important, and common issues.
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  #3 (permalink)  
Old 09-21-2009
ThorHammer's Avatar
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Burgermeister Meisterburger

 
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by Voland View Post
Many peoples right for self determination was ignored by the victorious Allies in Versailles, creating problems for decades to come, I´d for example also include the Germans of upper Silesia, Alsace , Lorraine and the Sudeten region ( providing the Nazis with an excellent propaganda tool), or the ethnically extremely split state of Yugoslawia ( whose political survival was mildly put, questionable from the beginning, because it included countless minorities that were not asked to be part of it)
Totally agree. However, sadly, those problems have been 'solved' by force.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Voland View Post
Regarding Slovakia and Hungary violence except maybe on the local level is out of the question though. Both nations are EU members and Brussels has tools to force them to work out their issues at the conference table, if they don´t do so out of economic pragmatism and realpolitik. Also Slowaks and Hungarians may be fighting over cultural issues but they are far from having a history of violence like for example Serbs and Croats.
This will boil down again sooner or later because both nations have more important, and common issues.
Again, I agree. There is simply no history of violence between the two people. While that doesn't mean it couldn't possibly devolve into something where violence comes to the fore, I agree with you that there are simply too many different mechanisms in place (EU) to ensure that something like that doesn't happen.
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  #4 (permalink)  
Old 09-21-2009
stillalive's Avatar
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European_Union     India

Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Perhaps re-introducing German in it´s Austrian form as official language would solve the problem ?

Schweijk:

" Nach dem Krieg um sechs im Krug "



Funny though, mainly responsible for the present upflare is the country of the feller who wrote
"Much Ado About Nothing"
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or later as a final and total catastrophe of the currency system involved." - Ludwig von Mises
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  #5 (permalink)  
Old 09-22-2009
ThorHammer's Avatar
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Burgermeister Meisterburger

 
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Minnesota     Germany

Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by stillalive View Post
Perhaps re-introducing German in it´s Austrian form as official language would solve the problem ?

Schweijk:

" Nach dem Krieg um sechs im Krug "



Funny though, mainly responsible for the present upflare is the country of the feller who wrote
"Much Ado About Nothing"
Ha, I doubt they would like that very much. "Oh shit! Dad is home!"
__________________
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  #6 (permalink)  
Old 09-22-2009
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by ThorHammer View Post
Ha, I doubt they would like that very much. "Oh shit! Dad is home!"


Did you have a chance to read " Der brave Soldat Schweijk" ?

Hilarious to read.

A little "bemisch" (bohemian) soldier caught in the austrian olde worlde army in WWI.

I´ll see if can can find a download for one of the movies in english if possible.
On success I´ll PM you.
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"There is no means of avoiding the final collapse
of a boom brought about by credit (debt) expansion.
The alternative is only whether the crisis should come sooner
as the result of a voluntary abandonment of further credit (debt) expansion,
or later as a final and total catastrophe of the currency system involved." - Ludwig von Mises
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  #7 (permalink)  
Old 09-27-2009
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Edit : this is not legacy of WWI. Let say that WWI did not solve a pre-existing problem ...
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Old 09-27-2009
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by Sucre View Post
Edit : this is not legacy of WWI. Let say that WWI did not solve a pre-existing problem ...
True. You ask someone from the Balkans, and will get a lecture on interethnic relations from the dawn of times.
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  #9 (permalink)  
Old 09-27-2009
ThorHammer's Avatar
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Burgermeister Meisterburger

 
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Minnesota     Germany

Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by Sucre View Post
Edit : this is not legacy of WWI. Let say that WWI did not solve a pre-existing problem ...
I meant in the sense that the peoples of the former Austro-Hungarian empire were separated into various states by people without a real, clear grasp of the ethnic differences
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  #10 (permalink)  
Old 09-28-2009
Sucre's Avatar
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Sometimes I am an angel, sometimes I am a devil : but most of the time I am just me !

 
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by ThorHammer View Post
I meant in the sense that the peoples of the former Austro-Hungarian empire were separated into various states by people without a real, clear grasp of the ethnic differences
LOL ... But that was Wilson and his 14 points. He was an idealist and a foreigner. As an American he did not have a clear grasp of all these different minorities, which sometimes and very often, this should be added, lived in perfect harmony.
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  #11 (permalink)  
Old 09-28-2009
ThorHammer's Avatar
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Burgermeister Meisterburger

 
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Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by Sucre View Post
LOL ... But that was Wilson and his 14 points. He was an idealist and a foreigner. As an American he did not have a clear grasp of all these different minorities, which sometimes and very often, this should be added, lived in perfect harmony.
But his 14-points called for peoples to be allowed self-determination. This was never applied here, otherwise the region in question would probably be part of Hungary.
__________________
I am a liberal, a classical liberal. Classical liberalism is liberalism, but the current collectivists have captured that designation in the United States. In Europe they are glad enough to call themselves socialists. But no one in America wants to be called socialist and admit what they are.

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  #12 (permalink)  
Old 09-28-2009
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European_Union     India

Re: Hungarian minority in Slovakia growing angry

Quote:
Originally Posted by Sucre View Post
Edit : this is not legacy of WWI. Let say that WWI did not solve a pre-existing problem ...
You´re right, it didn´t solve anything.
But it created a lot more problems than were already there.

Greetings to Berlin

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of a boom brought about by credit (debt) expansion.
The alternative is only whether the crisis should come sooner
as the result of a voluntary abandonment of further credit (debt) expansion,
or later as a final and total catastrophe of the currency system involved." - Ludwig von Mises
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